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(for shoemaker)

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1 shoemaker's workshop

skomakeri (verkstad för skoreparationer, verkstad för framställning av skor)

English-Swedish dictionary > shoemaker's workshop
2 last

I 1. adjective
letzt...

be last to arrive — als letzter/letzte ankommen

for the [very] last time — zum [aller]letzten Mal

who was last? — wer war letzter?

the last two — die letzten beiden

he came last — er war letzter

second last, last but one — vorletzt...

last but not least — last, not least; nicht zuletzt

last evening/night was windy — gestern abend/gestern od. heute nacht war es windig

last evening/week we were out — gestern abend/letzte Woche waren wir aus

that would be the last thing to do in this situation — das wäre das Letzte, was man in dieser Situation tun würde
2. adverb
1) [ganz] zuletzt; als letzter/letzte [sprechen, ankommen]

2) (on last previous occasion) das letzte Mal; zuletzt

when did you last see him or see him last? — wann hast du ihn zuletzt od. das letzte Mal gesehen?
3. noun
1) (mention, sight)

I shall never hear the last of it — das werde ich ständig zu hören bekommen

you haven't heard the last of this matter — das letzte Wort in dieser Sache ist noch nicht gesprochen

that was the last we ever saw of him — das war das letzte Mal, daß wir ihn gesehen haben

2) (person or thing) letzter...

these last — letztere

I'm always the last to be told — ich bin immer der letzte, der etwas erfährt

she was the last to know about it — sie erfuhr es als letzte

3) (day, moment[s])

to or till the last — bis zuletzt; see also academic.ru/8875/breathe">breathe 2. 1)

4)

at [long] last — endlich; schließlich [doch noch]
II intransitive verb
1) (continue) andauern; [Wetter, Ärger:] anhalten

last all night — die ganze Nacht dauern

last till — dauern bis

last from... to... — von... bis... dauern

built to last — dauerhaft gebaut

it can't/won't last — das geht nicht mehr lange so

it's too good to last — es ist zu schön, um von Dauer zu sein

2) (manage to continue) es aushalten

3) (suffice) reichen

while stocks last — solange Vorrat reicht

this knife will last [me] a lifetime — dies Messer hält mein ganzes Leben
III noun
(for shoemaker) Leisten, der

* * *
I 1. adjective
1) (coming at the end: We set out on the last day of November; He was last in the race; He caught the last bus home.) letzt

2) (most recent; next before the present: Our last house was much smaller than this; last year/month/week.) letzt

3) (coming or remaining after all the others: He was the last guest to leave.) letzt
2. adverb
(at the end of or after all the others: He took his turn last.) zuletzt

- lastly
- at long last
- at last
- hear
- see the last of
- the last person
- the last straw
- the last thing
- the last word
- on one's last legs
- to the last II verb
1) (to continue to exist: This situation lasted until she got married; I hope this fine weather lasts.) andauern

2) (to remain in good condition or supply: This carpet has lasted well; The bread won't last another two days - we'll need more; This coat will last me until I die.) sich halten

•

- lasting
- last out
* * *

last¹

[lɑ:st, AM læst]

n Leisten m

▶ the cobbler should stick to his \last ( prov) Schuster, bleib bei deinem Leisten prov

last²

[lɑ:st, AM læst]

I. adj inv

1. attr (after all the others)

▪ the \last... der/die/das letzte...

they caught the \last bus sie nahmen den letzten Bus

to arrive/come \last als Letzte(r) f(m) ankommen/kommen

to plan sth [down] to the \last detail etw bis ins kleinste Detail planen

to do sth \last thing etw als Letztes tun

I always switch on the washing machine \last thing [at night] ich mache als Letztes vor dem Schlafengehen immer noch die Waschmaschine an

the second/third \last door die vor-/drittletzte Tür

the \last one der/die/das Letzte

our house is the \last one on the left before the traffic lights unser Haus ist das Letzte links vor der Ampel

to be the \last one to do sth etw als Letzte(r) tun

she was the \last one to arrive sie kam als Letzte an

2. (lowest in order, rank) letzte(r, s)

the Mets will surely finish the season in \last place die Mets werden am Ende der Saison sicher Tabellenletzte sein

▪ to be [or come] \last Letzte(r) f(m) sein; (in a race, competition) Letzte(r) f(m) werden

to be fourth/third from \last Viert-/Drittletzte(r) f(m) sein

to be \last but one [or next to \last] [or second [to] \last] Vorletzte(r) f(m) sein

3. attr (final, remaining) letzte(r, s)

I'll give you one \last chance ich gebe dir eine letzte Chance

this is the \last time I do him a favour das ist das letzte Mal, dass ich ihm einen Gefallen tue

can I have the \last piece of chocolate? darf ich das letzte Stück Schokolade essen?

I'm down to my \last 50p ich habe nur noch 50 Pence

it's our \last hope das ist unsere letzte Hoffnung

these are the \last of our supplies das sind unsere letzten Vorräte

he calculated the costs down to the \last penny er hat die Kosten bis auf den letzten Penny berechnet

I'm almost finished — this is the \last but one box to empty ich bin fast fertig — das ist schon die vorletzte Kiste, die ich noch ausräumen muss

to the \last man MIL bis auf den letzten Mann

at the \last minute/moment in letzter Minute/im letzten Moment

till/to the \last minute [or [possible] moment] bis zur letzten Minute/zum letzten Moment

he always leaves important decisions to the \last possible moment er schiebt wichtige Entscheidungen immer bis zum letzten Moment hinaus

he waited till the \last minute to submit an offer er wartete mit seinem Angebot bis zur letzten Minute

as a [or BRIT also in the] \last resort im äußersten Notfall

police are supposed to use guns only as a \last resort die Polizei soll nur im äußersten Notfall von der Waffe Gebrauch machen

that's my \last word [on the subject] das ist mein letztes Wort [zu diesem Thema]

to have the \last word das letzte Wort haben

at long \last schließlich und endlich, zu guter Letzt

at long \last the government is starting to listen to our problems endlich wird die Regierung einmal auf unsere Probleme aufmerksam

4. attr (most recent, previous) letzte(r, s)

when was the \last time you had a cigarette? wann hast du zum letzten Mal eine Zigarette geraucht?

did you hear the storm \last night? hast du letzte Nacht den Sturm gehört?

did you see the news on TV \last night? hast du gestern Abend die Nachrichten im Fernsehen gesehen?

sb's \last album/book jds letztes Album/Buch

\last month/November letzten Monat/November

\last Sunday [or on Sunday \last] letzten Sonntag

your letter of Sunday \last ( form) Ihr Brief von letztem Sonntag

the results from \last Sunday:

\last Sunday's results die Ergebnisse vom letzten Sonntag

\last week/year letzte Woche/letztes Jahr

the week/year before \last vorletzte Woche/vorletztes Jahr

in the \last five years in den letzten fünf Jahren

5. attr (most unlikely)

▪ the \last sb/sth der/die/das Letzte

she was the \last person I expected to see sie hätte ich am allerwenigsten erwartet

the \last thing I wanted was to make you unhappy das Letzte, was ich wollte, war dich unglücklich zu machen

he's the \last person I want to see at the moment er ist der Letzte, den ich im Moment sehen möchte

the \last thing she needed is a husband eine Ehemann hatte ihr gerade noch gefehlt! iron

6.

▶ to have the \last laugh zuletzt lachen fig; (show everybody) es allen zeigen

I'll have the \last laugh [over you]! dir werd ich's schon noch zeigen! fam

▶ the \last laugh is on sb jd lacht zuletzt fig

▶ sth is on its \last legs ( fam) etw gibt bald den Geist auf [o macht es nicht mehr lange] fam

the foundry business was on its \last legs das Gießereigeschäft pfiff auf dem letzten Loch sl

▶ sb is on their \last legs ( fam: very tired) jd ist fix und fertig fam, jd pfeift auf dem letzten Loch sl; (near to death) jd macht es nicht mehr lange fam

▶ to be the \last straw das Fass [endgültig] zum Überlaufen bringen fig

▶ to be the \last word ( fam) zurzeit das Beste [o Nonplusultra] sein

digital audio is the \last word in sound reproduction digitales Audio ist zurzeit das Nonplusultra im Bereich der Klangwiedergabe

II. adv inv

1. (most recently) das letzte Mal, zuletzt

I \last saw him three weeks ago ich habe ihn zuletzt [o das letzte Mal] vor drei Wochen gesehen

when did you have a cigarette \last [or \last have a cigarette]? wann hast du das letzte Mal geraucht?

2. (after the others) als Letzte(r, s)

the horse came in \last das Pferd kam als Letztes ins Ziel

until \last bis zuletzt [o zum Schluss

3. (lastly) zuletzt, zum Schluss

\last, and most important... der letzte und wichtigste Punkt...

and \last, I'd like to thank you all for coming und zum Schluss möchte ich Ihnen allen dafür danken, dass Sie gekommen sind

\last but not [or by no means] least nicht zu vergessen, nicht zuletzt

\last but not least, I'd like to thank you for coming und ich möchte mich nicht zuletzt auch für ihr Kommen bedanken

III. n

<pl ->

1. (one after all the others)

▪ the \last der/die/das Letzte

she was the \last to arrive sie kam als Letzte

the \last but one esp BRIT, AUS [or AM the next to \last] der/die/das Vorletzte

to be the \last to do sth als Letzte(r) f(m) etw tun

why are they always the \last to arrive? warum kommen sie immer als Letzte?

why is he always the \last to be told? warum erfährt er immer alles als Letzter?

2. (only one left, final one)

▪ the \last der/die/das Letzte

she was the \last of the great educational reformers sie war die Letzte der großen Schulreformer

to breathe one's \last den letzten Atemzug tun

3. (remainder)

▪ the \last der letzte Rest

that was the \last of the real coffee das war der letzte Rest Bohnenkaffee

the \last of the ice cream/strawberries der letzte Rest Eis/Erdbeeren

4. (most recent, previous one)

▪ the \last der/die/das Letzte

the \last we heard of her was that... das Letzte, was wir von ihr hörten, war, dass...

the \last I heard she had lost her job das Letzte was ich von ihr weiß ist, dass sie ihren Job verloren hatte

the \last we heard from her,... als wir das letzte Mal von ihr hörten,...

the \last we saw of her,... als wir sie das letzte Mal sahen,...

that was the \last we saw of her das war das letzte Mal, das wir sie gesehen haben, seitdem haben wir sie nie wieder gesehen

5. usu sing SPORT (last position) letzter Platz

Lion Cavern came from \last in a slowly run race Lion Cavern holte in einem langsamen Rennen vom letzten Platz auf

6. BOXING

▪ the \last die letzte Runde

7. ( fam: end)

the dying embers sparked their \last die Funken verglühten

you haven't heard the \last of this! das letzte Wort ist hier noch nicht gesprochen!

we'll never hear the \last of it if they win wenn sie gewinnen, müssen wir uns das endlos anhören fam

to see the \last of sth ( fam) etw nie wieder sehen müssen

at \last endlich

I've finished my essay at \last! endlich habe ich meinen Essay fertig!

to the \last ( form: until the end) bis zuletzt; (utterly) durch und durch

to defend one's principles to the \last seine Prinzipien bis zuletzt verteidigen

she is patriotic to the \last sie ist durch und durch patriotisch

last³

[lɑ:st, AM læst]

I. vi

1. (go on for) [an]dauern

it was only a short trip, but very enjoyable while it \lasted die Reise war zwar nur kurz, aber insgesamt sehr angenehm

to \last [for] a month/week einen Monat/eine Woche dauern

the rain is expected to \last all weekend der Regen soll das gesamte Wochenende anhalten

2. (endure) halten; enthusiasm, intentions anhalten

this is too good to \last das ist zu gut, um wahr zu sein

it's the only battery we've got, so make it \last wir habe nur diese eine Batterie — verwende sie also sparsam

her previous secretary only \lasted a month ihre vorige Sekretärin blieb nur einen Monat

you won't \last long in this job if... du wirst diesen Job nicht lange behalten, wenn...

he wouldn't \last five minutes in the army! er würde keine fünf Minuten beim Militär überstehen!

built to \last für die Ewigkeit gebaut

II. vt

▪ to \last sb supplies etc [aus]reichen; car, machine halten

we've only got enough supplies to \last us a week unsere Vorräte werden nur eine Woche reichen

to \last five years fünf Jahre halten

to \last [sb] a lifetime ein Leben lang halten

if you look after your teeth they will \last you a lifetime wenn du deine Zähne gut pflegst, wirst du sie dein Leben lang behalten

* * *
I [lAːst]
1. adj

1) letzte(r, s)

he was last to arrive — er kam als Letzter an

the last person — der Letzte

the last but one, the second last (one) — der/die/das Vorletzte

the third last house — das drittletzte Haus

(the) last one there buys the drinks! — der Letzte or wer als Letzter ankommt, zahlt die Getränke

last Monday, on Monday last — letzten Montag

last year — letztes Jahr, im vorigen Jahr

during the last 20 years, these last 20 years — in den letzten 20 Jahren

last but not least — nicht zuletzt, last not least

2)

(= most unlikely, unsuitable etc) that's the last thing I worry about — das ist das Letzte, worüber ich mir Sorgen machen würde

that was the last thing I expected — damit hatte ich am wenigsten gerechnet

that's the last thing I wanted to happen —

he's the last person I want to see — er ist der Letzte, den ich sehen möchte

you're the last person to be entrusted with it — du bist der Letzte, dem man das anvertrauen kann

2. n

1) (= final one or part, one before) der/die/das Letzte

he was the last of the visitors to leave — er ging als Letzter der Besucher

I'm always the last to know — ich erfahre immer alles als Letzter

he withdrew the last of his money from the bank — er hob sein letztes Geld von der Bank ab

each one is better than the last — eins ist besser als das andere

this is the last of the cake — das ist der Rest des Kuchens

that's the last of the fighting — jetzt hat der Kampf ein Ende

that was the last we saw of him —

the last we heard of him was... — das Letzte, was wir von ihm hörten, war...

that was the last we heard of it/him — seitdem haben wir nichts mehr darüber/von ihm gehört

I hope this is the last we'll hear of it — ich hoffe, damit ist die Sache erledigt

the last I heard, they were getting married — das Letzte, was ich gehört habe, war, dass sie heiraten

I shall be glad to see the last of this/him — ich bin froh, wenn ich das hinter mir habe/wenn ich den los bin (inf) or wenn ich den nicht mehr sehe

we shall never hear the last of it —

to look one's last on sth my last (Comm) — den letzten Blick auf etw (acc) werfen mein letztes Schreiben

2)

at last — endlich

at long last — schließlich und endlich

so you're ready at long last! — du bist also endlich fertig geworden!

to the last — bis zum Schluss

3. adv

when did you last have a bath or have a bath last? — wann hast du das letzte Mal gebadet?

I last heard from him a month ago — vor einem Monat habe ich das letzte Mal von ihm gehört

he spoke last — er sprach als Letzter

the horse came in last — das Pferd ging als letztes durchs Ziel
II
1. vt

it will last me/a careful user a lifetime — das hält/bei vernünftiger Benutzung hält es ein Leben lang

the car has lasted me eight years — das Auto hat acht Jahre (lang) gehalten

these cigarettes will last me a week — diese Zigaretten reichen mir eine Woche

I didn't think he'd last the week — ich hätte nicht gedacht, dass er die Woche durchhält

2. vi
(= continue) dauern; (= remain intact cloth, flowers, marriage) halten
it can't last — es hält nicht an

it won't last — es wird nicht lange anhalten or so bleiben

it's too good to last — das ist zu schön, um wahr zu sein

he'll stay as long as the beer lasts — er bleibt, solange Bier da ist

will this material last? — ist dieses Material haltbar or dauerhaft?

none of his girlfriends lasts for long — bei ihm hält sich keine Freundin lange

he won't last long in this job — er wird in dieser Stelle nicht alt werden (inf)

the previous boss only lasted a week — der letzte Chef blieb nur eine Woche
III
n
Leisten m
cobbler, stick to your last! — Schuster, bleib bei deinem Leisten!

* * *

last¹ [lɑːst; US læst]

A adj (adv → lastly)

1. letzt(er, e, es):

the last two die beiden Letzten;

last but one vorletzt(er, e, es);

last but two drittletzt(er, e, es);

for the last time zum letzten Mal;

to the last man bis auf den letzten Mann;

the Last Day REL der Jüngste Tag;

Last Frontier US (Beiname für den Staat) Alaska n;

last letter Abschiedsbrief m;

last name bes US Familien-, Nach-, Zuname m;

last number recall ( oder redial) TEL Wahlwiederholung f;

last rites REL Sterbesakramente;

last thing als Letztes (besonders vor dem Schlafengehen);

be last SPORT etc an letzter Stelle liegen; → home A 4, honor B 2, judgment 6 b, etc

2. letzt(er, e, es), vorig(er, e, es):

last Monday, Monday last (am) letzten oder vorigen Montag;

last night

a) gestern Abend,

b) in der vergangenen Nacht, letzte Nacht;

last week in der letzten oder vorigen Woche, letzte oder vorige Woche

3. neuest(er, e, es), letzt(er, e, es):

the last news;

the last thing in jazz das Neueste im Jazz; → word Bes Redew

4. letzt(er, e, es) (allein übrig bleibend):

my last hope ( pound, etc)

5. letzt(er, e, es), endgültig, entscheidend: → word Bes Redew

6. äußerst(er, e, es):

the last degree der höchste Grad;

of the last importance von höchster Bedeutung;

my last price mein äußerster oder niedrigster Preis

7. letzt(er, e, es) (am wenigsten erwartet oder geeignet):

the last man I would choose der Letzte, den ich wählen würde;

he was the last person I expected to see mit ihm oder mit seiner Gegenwart hatte ich am wenigsten gerechnet;

the last thing I would do das Letzte, was ich tun würde;

this is the last thing to happen es ist sehr unwahrscheinlich, dass das geschieht

8. letzt(er, e, es), miserabelst(er, e, es), scheußlichst(er, e, es):

the last form of vice

B adv

1. zuletzt, als Letzt(er, e, es), an letzter Stelle:

he came last er kam als Letzter;

last but not least last, (but) not least; nicht zuletzt; nicht zu vergessen;

last of all zuallerletzt, ganz zuletzt

2. zuletzt, zum letzten Mal:

I last met her in Berlin

3. schließlich, zu guter Letzt

4. letzt…:

last-mentioned letztgenannt, -erwähnt

C s

1. (der, die, das) Letzte:

the last to arrive der Letzte, der ankam;

he was the last to come er kam als Letzter;

he would be the last to say such a thing er wäre der Letzte, der so etwas sagen würde

2. (der, die, das) Letzte oder Letztgenannte

3. umg kurz für last baby, last letter etc:

I wrote in my last ich schrieb in meinem letzten Brief;

this is our last das ist unser Jüngstes

4. umg

a) letzte Erwähnung

b) letztmaliger Anblick

c) letztes Mal: → Bes Redew

5. Ende n:

a) Schluss m

b) Tod m: → Bes RedewBesondere Redewendungen: at last

a) endlich,

b) schließlich, zuletzt;

at long last schließlich (doch noch), nach langem Warten;

to the last

a) bis zum Äußersten,

b) bis zum Ende oder Schluss,

c) bis zum Tod;

breathe one’s last seinen letzten Atemzug tun, sein Leben aushauchen;

hear the last of

a) zum letzten Male hören von,

b) nichts mehr hören von;

we’ve seen the last of him den sehen wir nie mehr wieder;

we’ll never see the last of that guy den Kerl werden wir nie mehr los

last² [lɑːst; US læst]

A v/i

1. (an-, fort)dauern:

too good to last zu schön, um lange zu währen

2. bestehen:

as long as the world lasts

3. auch last out durch-, aus-, standhalten, sich halten:

he won’t last much longer er wird es nicht mehr lange machen (auch Kranker);

he didn’t last long in that job er hat es in dieser Stelle nicht lange ausgehalten

4. (sich) halten:

the paint will last die Farbe wird halten;

the book will last das Buch wird sich (lange) halten;

last well haltbar sein

5. auch last out (aus)reichen, genügen:

while the money lasts solange das Geld reicht;

while stocks last solange der Vorrat reicht;

we must make our supplies last wir müssen mit unseren Vorräten auskommen

B v/t

1. jemandem reichen:

it will last us a week damit kommen wir eine Woche aus

2. meist last out

a) überdauern, -leben,

b) (es mindestens) ebenso lange aushalten wie

last³ [lɑːst; US læst] s Leisten m:

put shoes on the last Schuhe über den Leisten schlagen;

stick to one’s last fig bei seinem Leisten bleiben

last⁴ [lɑːst; US læst] s Last f (Gewicht oder Hohlmaß, verschieden nach Ware und Ort, meist etwa 4000 englische Pfund oder 30 hl)

* * *
I 1. adjective
letzt...

be last to arrive — als letzter/letzte ankommen

for the [very] last time — zum [aller]letzten Mal

who was last? — wer war letzter?

the last two — die letzten beiden

he came last — er war letzter

second last, last but one — vorletzt...

last but not least — last, not least; nicht zuletzt

last evening/night was windy — gestern abend/gestern od. heute nacht war es windig

last evening/week we were out — gestern abend/letzte Woche waren wir aus

that would be the last thing to do in this situation — das wäre das Letzte, was man in dieser Situation tun würde
2. adverb
1) [ganz] zuletzt; als letzter/letzte [sprechen, ankommen]

2) (on last previous occasion) das letzte Mal; zuletzt

when did you last see him or see him last? — wann hast du ihn zuletzt od. das letzte Mal gesehen?
3. noun
1) (mention, sight)

I shall never hear the last of it — das werde ich ständig zu hören bekommen

you haven't heard the last of this matter — das letzte Wort in dieser Sache ist noch nicht gesprochen

that was the last we ever saw of him — das war das letzte Mal, daß wir ihn gesehen haben

2) (person or thing) letzter...

these last — letztere

I'm always the last to be told — ich bin immer der letzte, der etwas erfährt

she was the last to know about it — sie erfuhr es als letzte

3) (day, moment[s])

to or till the last — bis zuletzt; see also breathe 2. 1)

4)

at [long] last — endlich; schließlich [doch noch]
II intransitive verb
1) (continue) andauern; [Wetter, Ärger:] anhalten

last all night — die ganze Nacht dauern

last till — dauern bis

last from... to... — von... bis... dauern

built to last — dauerhaft gebaut

it can't/won't last — das geht nicht mehr lange so

it's too good to last — es ist zu schön, um von Dauer zu sein

2) (manage to continue) es aushalten

3) (suffice) reichen

while stocks last — solange Vorrat reicht

this knife will last [me] a lifetime — dies Messer hält mein ganzes Leben
III noun
(for shoemaker) Leisten, der

* * *

adj.

letzt adj.

letzter adj.

letztes adj.

vorig adj.

zuletzt adj. (weather) v.

andauern (Wetter) v. v.

andauern v.

dauern v.

English-german dictionary > last
3 trade

1. n

1) заняття, ремесло; професія, фах

the trade of shoemaker — професія шевця

a mason by trade — каменяр за фахом

the trade of war — військова професія

to put smb. to a trade — учити когось ремесла

what's your trade? — чим ви займаєтеся?, хто ви за фахом?

2) галузь торгівлі (виробництва, промисловості); промисловість

the building trade — будівельна промисловість

3) торгівля

domestic (home, inland) trade — внутрішня торгівля

foreign (oversea) trade — зовнішня торгівля

fair trade — а) торгівля на основі взаємної вигоди; б) розм. контрабанда

retail (wholesale) trade — роздрібна (оптова) торгівля

trade in arms — торгівля зброєю

to do a lot of trade — багато торгувати

to put a stop to trade between two countries — припинити торгівлю між двома країнами

4) (the trade) збірн. торговці; підприємці

the tea trade — торговці чаєм

5) розм. ґуральники, пивовари; особи, які мають право продавати спиртні напої

6) видавці, книготоргові

7) мор., розм. підводний флот

8) роздрібна торгівля; магазин, крамниця

to be in trade — бути торговцем, мати крамницю

9) роздрібні торговці

10) покупці, клієнтура

I think our products will appeal to your trade — гадаю, що наші товари сподобаються вашим покупцям

11) угода (тж політ.); обмін

12) розм. спосіб життя

13) лінія поведінки

14) спосіб

15) розм. звичай; звичка

16) вхід і вихід

17) розм. мотлох; сміття; покидьки

trade allowance — знижка роздрібним торговцям

trade balance — торговий баланс

T. Board — комісія з питань заробітної плати (у певній галузі промисловості)

trade mission — торгове представництво, торгпредство

trade price — фабрична (оптова) ціна

trade school — професійна (виробнича) школа; ремісниче училище

2. v

1) торгувати (чимсь — in; з кимсь — with)

to trade in wool — торгувати вовною

to trade with a foreign firm — торгувати з іноземною фірмою

2) міняти, обмінювати (на щось — for)

3) мінятися

we traded seats with them — ми помінялися з ними місцями

4) бути постійним покупцем (у певному магазині)

5) торгувати своїм політичним впливом; продавати свої політичні переконання

trade in — віддавати стару річ в рахунок придбання нової

trade off — а) збувати; б) обмінювати

trade on — мати вигоду; використовувати в особистих інтересах

* * *
I [treid] n
1) заняття, ремесло, професія

the tools of ones trade — знаряддя ремесла, робочий інструмент

the trade of weaver [or tailor, of shoemaker] — ремесло /професія/ ткача [кравця, сапожника]

the trade of war — військова професія

a saddler [a potter, a blacksmith, a grocer, a mason]by trade — шорник [гончар, коваль, бакалійник, каменяр]по професії

to put smb to a trade — вивчати когось ремеслу

to know ones trade — знати свою справу

to learn ones trade — опанувати своїм ремеслом

whats your trade — є чим ви займаєтесяє; робочий; ремісник

mechanical trades — слюсарі

2) галузь торгівлі; галузь виробництва; галузь промисловості; промисловість

the building [the furniture] trade — будівельна [меблева]промисловість

the publishing [printing] trade — видавнича [друкарське]справа

3) торгівля

coastal trade — каботажна торгівля

domestic /home, inland/ trade — внутрішня торгівля foreign /overseas/ зовнішня торгівля

fair trade — торгівля на основі взаємної вигоди; контрабанда

illicit trade — незаконна торгівля; торгівля наркотиками

wholesale [retail] trade — оптова [роздрібна]торгівля

tea [ivory] trade — торгівля [слонячою кісткою][див.тж. 4]

trade in arms [in cotton] — торгівля зброєю [бавовною]

liberty /freedom/ [prohibition, stoppage] of trade — вільна [заборона, припинення]торгівлі

to be in trade — займатися торгівлею [див.тж 5]

to go into trade — зайнятися торгівлею

to do a lot of trade — багато торгувати

to carry on /to engage in/ the trade of smth — вести торгівлю чемось.

to drive a good trade — вести жваву торгівлю

to revive [to restrict] trade — відновлювати [обмежувати]торгівлю

to put a stop to trade between two countries — припинити торгівлю між двома країнами

trade is at a standstill — торгівля знаходиться в стані застою, торгівля зійшла нанівець

hes doing a roaring trade — він веде нечувано вигідну торгівлю, торгівля стала для нього золотим дном; ринок

souvenirs for the tourist trade — сувеніри для продажу туристам; ділова активність

trade recession — спад ділової активності

4) збір. ( the trade) торговий стан; купці, купецтво

trade and gentility — торговий, дворянський стани

to marry into trade — вийти заміж за торговця; торговці або підприємці ( у будь-якій галузі); представники певної професії

the woollen [the ivory, the tea] trade — торговці шерстю [слонячою кісткою][див.; тж. 3]

a member of the writing trade — член письменницької спілки, письменник

the book trade opposes national censorship — книгопродавці виступають проти державної цензури; особи, що мають право продажу спиртних напоїв; пивовари, винокури; видавці, книгопродавці; мop. підводний флот

5) роздрібна торгівля; магазин, лавка

to be in trade — бути торговцем, мати магазин /лавку/; [див.; тж. 3]; роздрібні торговці

6) клієнтура, покупці

to wait on trade — обслуговувати покупців

to have a lot of trade — мати велику /багату/ клієнтуру

I think our products will appeal to your trade — я думаю, що наші товари сподобаються вашим покупцям

7) операція; обмін

an even trade — рівноцінний обмін

in trade for smth — у обмін на щось

to make a good trade — укласти вигідну операцію

to take smth in trade — придбати щось в черзі обміну; угода; операція

8) = trade wind

9) дiaл. або icт. спосіб життя; лінія поведінки; спосіб; звичай, звичка

10) дiaл. або icт. подорожі туди, назад; від'їзд, приїзд; відхід, прихід

11) дiaл. або icт. сум'яття; тривоги, хвилювання

12) дiaл. непотріб; сміття; покидьки; низи суспільства, погань, шушваль

••

everyone to his trade — прис. кожному своє

two of trade a never /seldom/ agree — прис. два фахівці рідко погоджуються один з одним
II [treid] a
1) торговый

trade agreement /pact/ — торгова угода

trade balance [barrier] — торговий баланс

trade mark-up — торгова надбавка

trade wars — торгові війни

2) промисловий, економічний

trade association — промислове об'єднання [див.; тж. 3]

trade fair — промисловий ярмарок

trade journal /magazine/ trjyjvsxybq — журнал, журнал новин промисловості, торгівлі [див.; тж. 3]3, професійний

trade journal — професійний /спеціальний/ журнал [див.; тж. 2]

trade paper — професійна газета

trade association — професійне об'єднання [див.; тж. 2]

trade jargon — професійний жаргон
III [treid] v
1) торгувати

to trade heavily — вести широку /жваву/ торгівлю

to trade in silk [in wool, in cotton, in salt] — торгувати шовком [шерстю, бавовною, сіллю]

to trade with Egypt [with a foreign firm] — торгувати з Єгиптом [з іноземною фірмою]

2) міняти, обмінювати

to trade knives and beads for skins — обмінювати ножі, намиста на шкури

to trade a city lot for a farm — обміняти міську ділянку на ферму; обмінюватися

we traded seats with them — ми обмінялися з ними місцями

they traded anecdotes — вони обмінялися ( свіжими) анекдотами

3) бути постійним покупцем (певного магазин; отоварюватися)

to trade with the local grocer /at the local grocery/ — бути постійним клієнтом місцевого бакалійника

4) продавати ( свої політичні переконання)

to trade in /on/ ones political influence — торгувати своїм політичним впливом

5) (on, upon) отримувати вигоду, використовувати в особистих цілях

to trade on the credulity of a client — використовувати довірливість /обдурити/ покупця

to trade on ones father's fair name — спекулювати добрим ім'ям свого отця

English-Ukrainian dictionary > trade
4 shoe

1. [ʃu:] noun
1) (an outer covering for the foot: a new pair of shoes.) sko

2) ((also horseshoe) a curved piece of iron nailed to the hoof of a horse.) hestesko
2. [ʃod] verb
(to put a shoe or shoes on (a horse etc).) sko

- shod
- shoelace
- shoemaker
- on a shoestring
* * *
1. [ʃu:] noun
1) (an outer covering for the foot: a new pair of shoes.) sko

2) ((also horseshoe) a curved piece of iron nailed to the hoof of a horse.) hestesko
2. [ʃod] verb
(to put a shoe or shoes on (a horse etc).) sko

- shod
- shoelace
- shoemaker
- on a shoestring

English-Danish dictionary > shoe
5 last

I
1.
adjective
1) (coming at the end: We set out on the last day of November; He was last in the race; He caught the last bus home.) último

2) (most recent; next before the present: Our last house was much smaller than this; last year/month/week.) último

3) (coming or remaining after all the others: He was the last guest to leave.) último

2. adverb
(at the end of or after all the others: He took his turn last.) en último lugar

- lastly
- at long last
- at last
- hear
- see the last of
- the last person
- the last straw
- the last thing
- the last word
- on one's last legs
- to the last
II
verb
1) (to continue to exist: This situation lasted until she got married; I hope this fine weather lasts.) durar

2) (to remain in good condition or supply: This carpet has lasted well; The bread won't last another two days - we'll need more; This coat will last me until I die.) durar

•

- lasting
- last out

last¹ adj

1. pasado

they got married last week se casaron la semana pasada

2. último

what time is the last train? ¿a qué hora sale el último tren?

at last por fin

at last!, where have you been? ¡por fin!, ¿dónde has estado?

last² adv

1. último

who arrived last? ¿quién llegó el último? / ¿quién fue el último en llegar?

2. por última vez

when did you last see your father? ¿cuándo fue la última vez que viste a tu padre?

last³ vb durar

the class lasts one hour la clase dura una hora / la clase es de una hora

good shoes last longer los zapatos buenos duran más

last

tr[lɑːst]

adjective

1 (final) último,-a

2 (most recent) último,-a

■ the last time la última vez

3 (past) pasado,-a; (previous) anterior

■ last Monday el lunes pasado

■ last night anoche

■ last week la semana pasada

■ the night before last anteanoche

■ the month/year before last hace dos meses/años

■ she's been studying hard for the last week hace una semana que estudia mucho

■ Spielberg's new film is much better than his last one la nueva película de Spielberg es mucho mejor que la anterior

adverb

1 por última vez

■ that's when he last came to see me eso es cuando me vino a ver por última vez

2 (at the end) en último lugar; (in race) en última posición

■ who came last in the 1000 metres? ¿quién acabó último en la carrera de los 1000 metros?

noun

1 (person) el/la último,-a; (thing) lo último

■ are you the last? ¿eres tú el último?

■ the first shall be last and the last shall be first los primeros serán los últimos y los últimos serán los primeros

■ he drank the last of the wine se bebió lo que quedaba del vino

■ the last I heard he was back in Ireland lo último que sé es que volvió a Irlanda

■ I'm sure we haven't heard the last of it estoy seguro de que aquí no se ha acabado la historia

intransitive verb

1 (continue) durar; (hold out) aguantar, resistir

transitive verb

1 durar

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

at last al fin, por fin

at long last por fin

if it's the last thing I do cueste lo que cueste, aunque sea lo último que haga

last but not least por último lugar, pero no por eso menos importante

last but one penúltimo,-a

to be the last straw familiar ser el colmo

to be the last word familiar ser el último grito

to breathe one's last dar el último suspiro

to have seen the last of somebody haber visto a alguien por última vez

to have the last word decir la última palabra

to the last hasta el final

the Last Judgment el Juicio Final

the last rites la extremaunción nombre femenino

————————

last

tr[lɑːst]

noun

1 (shoemaker's) horma

last ['læst] vi

1) continue: durar

how long will it last?: ¿cuánto durará?

2) endure: aguantar, durar

3) survive: durar, sobrevivir

4) suffice: durar, bastar

last vt

1) : durar

it will last a lifetime: durará toda la vida

2)

to last out : aguantar

last adv

1) : en último lugar, al último

we came in last: llegamos en último lugar

2) : por última vez, la última vez

I saw him last in Bogota: lo vi por última vez en Bogotá

3) finally: por último, en conclusión

last adj

1) final: último, final

2) previous: pasado

last year: el año pasado

last n

1) : el último, la última, lo último

at last: por fin, al fin, finalmente

2) : horma f (de zapatero)

last

adj.

• extremo, -a adj.

• pasado, -a adj.

• por último adj.

• postrero, -a adj.

• postrimero, -a adj.

• supremo, -a adj.

• último, -a adj.

n.

• fin s.m.

v.

• aguantar v.

• continuar v.

• durar v.

• humear v.

• resistir v.

• subsistir v.

læst, lɑːst
I

adjective

1)

a) ( in series) <chapter/lap> último

the second to last door, the last door but one — la penúltima puerta

I do it last thing at night — es lo último que hago antes de acostarme

to be last — (in race, on arrival) ser* el último (en llegar), llegar* el último or (CS) llegar* último

to be last to + INF — ser* el último en + inf

b) (final, ultimate) <chance/day> último

at the very last minute o moment — en el último momento, a última hora

the last rites o sacraments — la extremaunción

c) ( only remaining) último

I'm down to my last few dollars — sólo me quedan unos pocos dólares

2) (previous, most recent) (before n)

last Tuesday — el martes pasado

this time last week — la semana pasada a estas horas

in my last letter — en mi última carta

the last time I went — la última vez que fui

3) ( least likely or suitable)

that was the last thing I expected to hear from you — es lo que menos me esperaba que me dijeras

that's the last thing I'd do! — no se me ocurriría hacer eso!; laugh II, leg I 1), straw a)

II

pronoun

1)

a) (in series, sequence) último, -ma m,f

the last to + INF — el último/la última/los últimos/las últimas en + inf

the last I remember — lo último que recuerdo

we haven't heard the last of him/it — nos va a seguir dando guerra, ya verás

to breathe one's last — (liter) exhalar el último suspiro

b) ( only remaining)

the last OF something: the last of its kind el último de su clase; that's the last of the jam — esa es toda la mermelada que queda

c) (in phrases) (liter)

at the last — al final

to o until the last — hasta el último momento, hasta el final

2) ( preceding one)

the night before last — anteanoche, antenoche (AmL)

at the meeting before last — en la penúltima reunión

each hill seemed steeper than the last — cada colina parecía más empinada que la anterior

III

adverb

1)

a) ( at the end)

I went in last — fui el último en entrar, entré el último, entré último (CS)

our team came o finished last — nuestro equipo quedó en último lugar or (CS tb) terminó último

b) (finally, in conclusion)

last of all — por último, lo último (de todo)

and last but not least — y por último, pero no por eso menos importante

c) (in phrases)

at last — por fin, al fin

at long last — por fin, finalmente

2) ( most recently)

she was last seen a year ago — la última vez que se la vio fue hace un año

when did you last see him o see him last? — ¿cuándo fue la última vez que lo viste?

IV

noun ( for shoemaking) horma f

V
1.

intransitive verb

1)

a) ( continue) durar

it lasted (for) three hours — duró tres horas

b) (endure, survive) durar

he wouldn't last five minutes in the army — no aguantaría or no duraría ni cinco minutos en el ejército

2) ( be sufficient) durar

to make something last — hacer* durar algo

3) ( remain usable) durar

it will last (for) a lifetime — durará toda la vida

2.

vt durar

we have enough fuel to last us — el combustible que tenemos nos durará

Phrasal Verbs:

- last out

I [lɑːst]
1. ADJ

1) (=most recent) último

I've seen her twice in the last week — la he visto dos veces en la última semana

the last few weeks have been hectic — las últimas semanas han sido muy ajetreadas

over the last few months — durante los últimos meses

he hasn't been seen these last two years — no se lo ha visto en los últimos dos años

2) (=previous) (referring to specific occasion) [Christmas, Easter] pasado; [time, meeting, birthday] último

last Christmas we went to my mother's — las Navidades pasadas fuimos a casa de mi madre

the last time we went, it rained — la última vez que fuimos, llovió

on Monday last — frm el pasado lunes

last Friday/month/year — el viernes/el mes/el año pasado

this time last year — el año pasado por estas fechas

last week — la semana pasada

this time last week — la semana pasada a estas horas
night 1., 1)
3) (=final) último

the last Friday of the month — el último viernes del mes

the last Sunday before Christmas — el último domingo antes de Navidad

the last door on the right — la última puerta a la derecha

the last three pages of the book — las tres últimas paginas del libro

he spent the last few years of his life here — pasó los últimos años de su vida aquí

• last but one — penúltimo

• down to the last detail — hasta el más mínimo detalle, hasta el último detalle

• the Last Judg(e)ment — el Juicio Final

• to fight to the last man — (lit, fig) luchar hasta el último aliento

• I was the last person to arrive/to see him alive — fui la última en llegar/la última persona que lo vió vivo

• I'm down to my last pound — solo me queda una libra

• the last rites — (Rel) la extremaunción

• second to last — antepenúltimo

• last thing at night — antes de acostarse

I'll finish it if it's the last thing I do — ¡lo terminaré aunque sea la última cosa que haga en esta vida!

• that was the last time I saw him — esa fue la última vez que lo vi

for the last time, shut up! — ¡cállate, y que sea la última vez que te lo digo!

- be on it's/one's last legs

4) (=least likely)

• you're the last person I'd trust with it — lo confiaría a cualquiera menos a ti, eres la última persona a la que se lo confiaría

I would be the last person to stand in your way — yo soy la que menos me interprondía en tu camino, yo soy la última persona que se interpondría en tu camino

• that was the last thing I expected — eso era lo que menos me esperaba

at 32, retirement is the last thing on his mind — con 32 años, jubilarse es lo último en que piensa

2. PRON

1) (of series) último

he was the last of the Tudors — fue el último de los Tudores

that was the last I saw of him — después de aquello no volví a verlo más

the last we heard of him he was in Rio — según las últimas noticias estaba en Río

if we don't go we shall never hear the last of it — si no vamos no dejarán de recordárnoslo

you haven't heard the last of this! — ¡esto no se acaba aquí!, ¡esto no se va a quedar así!

to be the last (one) to do sth — ser el último en hacer algo

we're always the last to know — siempre somos los últimos en enterarnos

• the last but one — el/la penúltimo(-a)

• to leave sth till last — dejar algo para lo último or el final

• to look one's last on sth — liter ver algo por última vez

• to the last — hasta el final
breathe 1., 1)
2) (=previous one)

each one is better than the last — son cada vez mejores

• the night before last — anteanoche

the week before last — la semana anterior a la pasada, la semana pasada no, la anterior

the Saturday before last — el sábado anterior al pasado, el sábado pasado no, el anterior

it was the question before last that I found difficult — la pregunta que me resultó difícil fue la penúltima

3) (=all that remains)

this is the last of the bread/wine — esto es lo que queda de pan/vino

he was the last of his kind, a true professional — fue el último de los de su clase, un verdadero profesional

4)

• at last — por fin

• at long last the search was over — por fin la búsqueda había concluido

3. ADV

1) (=finally)

• last of all, take out the screws — por último, saca los tornillos

• last but not least — por último, pero no por ello menos importante

2) (=in last place, at the end)

he was or came last in the 100 metres — terminó en último lugar or en última posición en los 100 metros

to arrive last — llegar el or (LAm) al último

• last in, first out — los últimos en llegar son a los que despiden los primeros

3) (=most recently)

• when I last saw them — la última vez que las vi

he was last seen in Brighton — se lo vio por última vez en Brighton

I last saw her in 1987 — la vi por última vez en 1987

II [lɑːst]
1. VI

1) (=continue) durar

it lasts (for) two hours — dura dos horas

the trial is expected to last (for) three weeks — se espera que el juicio dure tres semanas

the symptoms can last (for) up to a week — los síntomas pueden persistir hasta una semana

• nothing lasts forever — nada dura para siempre

• it's too good to last, it can't last — esto no puede durar

2) (=survive) durar

the previous boss only lasted a week — el jefe anterior solamente duró una semana

he wouldn't have lasted ten minutes in those conditions — no hubiera durado or aguantado ni diez minutos en esas condiciones

he won't last the night (out) — no sobrevivirá hasta la mañana

3) (=be enough) durar

how long will the gas last? — ¿hasta cuándo durará or alcanzará el gas?

the town has enough water to last a fortnight — la ciudad tiene agua suficiente para dos semanas

• "only available while stocks last" — (Comm) "solo hasta que se agoten las existencias"

4) (=remain usable) durar

this material will last (for) years — esta tela durará años

• more expensive batteries last longer — las pilas más caras duran más

• made to last — hecho para que dure

2.

VT durar

this amount should last you (for) a week — esta cantidad debería durarte una semana

• it will last you a lifetime — te durará toda la vida

I've had enough publicity to last me a lifetime! — ¡me han dado publicidad suficiente para toda una vida!

- last out

III

[lɑːst]
N (in shoemaking) horma f
- stick to your last!

* * *
[læst, lɑːst]
I

adjective

1)

a) ( in series) <chapter/lap> último

the second to last door, the last door but one — la penúltima puerta

I do it last thing at night — es lo último que hago antes de acostarme

to be last — (in race, on arrival) ser* el último (en llegar), llegar* el último or (CS) llegar* último

to be last to + INF — ser* el último en + inf

b) (final, ultimate) <chance/day> último

at the very last minute o moment — en el último momento, a última hora

the last rites o sacraments — la extremaunción

c) ( only remaining) último

I'm down to my last few dollars — sólo me quedan unos pocos dólares

2) (previous, most recent) (before n)

last Tuesday — el martes pasado

this time last week — la semana pasada a estas horas

in my last letter — en mi última carta

the last time I went — la última vez que fui

3) ( least likely or suitable)

that was the last thing I expected to hear from you — es lo que menos me esperaba que me dijeras

that's the last thing I'd do! — no se me ocurriría hacer eso!; laugh II, leg I 1), straw a)

II

pronoun

1)

a) (in series, sequence) último, -ma m,f

the last to + INF — el último/la última/los últimos/las últimas en + inf

the last I remember — lo último que recuerdo

we haven't heard the last of him/it — nos va a seguir dando guerra, ya verás

to breathe one's last — (liter) exhalar el último suspiro

b) ( only remaining)

the last OF something: the last of its kind el último de su clase; that's the last of the jam — esa es toda la mermelada que queda

c) (in phrases) (liter)

at the last — al final

to o until the last — hasta el último momento, hasta el final

2) ( preceding one)

the night before last — anteanoche, antenoche (AmL)

at the meeting before last — en la penúltima reunión

each hill seemed steeper than the last — cada colina parecía más empinada que la anterior

III

adverb

1)

a) ( at the end)

I went in last — fui el último en entrar, entré el último, entré último (CS)

our team came o finished last — nuestro equipo quedó en último lugar or (CS tb) terminó último

b) (finally, in conclusion)

last of all — por último, lo último (de todo)

and last but not least — y por último, pero no por eso menos importante

c) (in phrases)

at last — por fin, al fin

at long last — por fin, finalmente

2) ( most recently)

she was last seen a year ago — la última vez que se la vio fue hace un año

when did you last see him o see him last? — ¿cuándo fue la última vez que lo viste?

IV

noun ( for shoemaking) horma f

V
1.

intransitive verb

1)

a) ( continue) durar

it lasted (for) three hours — duró tres horas

b) (endure, survive) durar

he wouldn't last five minutes in the army — no aguantaría or no duraría ni cinco minutos en el ejército

2) ( be sufficient) durar

to make something last — hacer* durar algo

3) ( remain usable) durar

it will last (for) a lifetime — durará toda la vida

2.

vt durar

we have enough fuel to last us — el combustible que tenemos nos durará

Phrasal Verbs:

- last out

English-spanish dictionary > last
6 Roberts, Richard

SUBJECT AREA: Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering, Textiles

[br]

b. 22 April 1789 Carreghova, Llanymynech, Montgomeryshire, Wales

d. 11 March 1864 London, England

[br]

Welsh mechanical engineer and inventor.

[br]

Richard Roberts was the son of a shoemaker and tollkeeper and received only an elementary education at the village school. At the age of 10 his interest in mechanics was stimulated when he was allowed by the Curate, the Revd Griffith Howell, to use his lathe and other tools. As a young man Roberts acquired a considerable local reputation for his mechanical skills, but these were exercised only in his spare time. For many years he worked in the local limestone quarries, until at the age of 20 he obtained employment as a pattern-maker in Staffordshire. In the next few years he worked as a mechanic in Liverpool, Manchester and Salford before moving in 1814 to London, where he obtained employment with Henry Maudslay. In 1816 he set up on his own account in Manchester. He soon established a reputation there for gear-cutting and other general engineering work, especially for the textile industry, and by 1821 he was employing about twelve men. He built machine tools mainly for his own use, including, in 1817, one of the first planing machines.

One of his first inventions was a gas meter, but his first patent was obtained in 1822 for improvements in looms. His most important contribution to textile technology was his invention of the self-acting spinning mule, patented in 1825. The normal fourteen-year term of this patent was extended in 1839 by a further seven years. Between 1826 and 1828 Roberts paid several visits to Alsace, France, arranging cottonspinning machinery for a new factory at Mulhouse. By 1826 he had become a partner in the firm of Sharp Brothers, the company then becoming Sharp, Roberts \& Co. The firm continued to build textile machinery, and in the 1830s it built locomotive engines for the newly created railways and made one experimental steam-carriage for use on roads. The partnership was dissolved in 1843, the Sharps establishing a new works to continue locomotive building while Roberts retained the existing factory, known as the Globe Works, where he soon after took as partners R.G.Dobinson and Benjamin Fothergill (1802–79). This partnership was dissolved c. 1851, and Roberts continued in business on his own for a few years before moving to London as a consulting engineer.

During the 1840s and 1850s Roberts produced many new inventions in a variety of fields, including machine tools, clocks and watches, textile machinery, pumps and ships. One of these was a machine controlled by a punched-card system similar to the Jacquard loom for punching rivet holes in plates. This was used in the construction of the Conway and Menai Straits tubular bridges. Roberts was granted twenty-six patents, many of which, before the Patent Law Amendment Act of 1852, covered more than one invention; there were still other inventions he did not patent. He made his contribution to the discussion which led up to the 1852 Act by publishing, in 1830 and 1833, pamphlets suggesting reform of the Patent Law.

In the early 1820s Roberts helped to establish the Manchester Mechanics' Institute, and in 1823 he was elected a member of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester. He frequently contributed to their proceedings and in 1861 he was made an Honorary Member. He was elected a Member of the Institution of Civil Engineers in 1838. From 1838 to 1843 he served as a councillor of the then-new Municipal Borough of Manchester. In his final years, without the assistance of business partners, Roberts suffered financial difficulties, and at the time of his death a fund for his aid was being raised.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

Member, Institution of Civil Engineers 1838.

Further Reading

There is no full-length biography of Richard Roberts but the best account is H.W.Dickinson, 1945–7, "Richard Roberts, his life and inventions", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 25:123–37.

W.H.Chaloner, 1968–9, "New light on Richard Roberts, textile engineer (1789–1864)", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 41:27–44.

RTS

Biographical history of technology > Roberts, Richard
7 knife

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[English Word] back of a knife blade (as opp. to the cutting edge)

[Swahili Word] mafutuni

[Part of Speech] noun

------------------------------------------------------------

[English Word] butcher's knife

[Swahili Word] buchari

[Part of Speech] noun

[Derived Word] ind

[Swahili Definition] kisu cha muuza nyama

------------------------------------------------------------

[English Word] curved knife (used for slashing the bark of a palm tree in order to collect the sap for making palm wine)

[Swahili Word] kotama

[Swahili Plural] kotama

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 9/10

------------------------------------------------------------

[English Word] knife

[English Plural] knives

[Swahili Word] kisu

[Swahili Plural] visu

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 7/8

[Related Words] jisu, kijisu

[English Example] cut with a knife; do whatever you want with me (literally: you are the knife and I am the meat)

[Swahili Example] kata kwa kisu; wewe kisu mimi nyama

------------------------------------------------------------

[English Word] knife

[Swahili Word] -choma kisu

[Part of Speech] verb

[Swahili Definition] kufanya kisu kuingia ndani ya mtu

[English Example] The King of Mombasa killed the Portuguese commander by knifing him.

[Swahili Example] Mfalme wa Mombasa alimwua kwa kumchoma kisu jemadari wa Kireno [Masomo 143]

------------------------------------------------------------

[English Word] knife (large)

[Swahili Word] buchari

[Part of Speech] noun

[Note] Ind.

------------------------------------------------------------

[English Word] knife (large)

[English Plural] knives (large)

[Swahili Word] jisu

[Swahili Plural] majisu

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 5/6

[Derived Word] kisu n

[Swahili Example] jisu lile kubwa limezama kabisa kifuani mwa Magoma [Muk]

------------------------------------------------------------

[English Word] knife (large)

[Swahili Word] puchari

[Part of Speech] noun

[Derived Word] indian? Or Butcher?

------------------------------------------------------------

[English Word] knife (large)

[Swahili Word] sime

[Swahili Plural] masime

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 5/6

------------------------------------------------------------

[English Word] knife (small)

[English Plural] knives

[Swahili Word] kijisu

[Swahili Plural] vijisu

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 7/8

[Derived Language] Swahili

[Derived Word] kisu

------------------------------------------------------------

[English Word] knife (very sharp)

[English Plural] knives

[Swahili Word] wembe

[Swahili Plural] nyembe

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 11/10

[Related Words] jembe

[English Example] when a child cries for a knife give it to him (proverb - i.e., let him learn by experience)

[Swahili Example] mtoto akililia wembe mpe (methali)

------------------------------------------------------------

[English Word] knife edge

[English Plural] knife edges

[Swahili Word] ukali wa kisu

[Swahili Plural] ukali wa visu

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 14

[Related Words] ukali

------------------------------------------------------------

[English Word] knife used for tapping palm trees

[English Plural] knives

[Swahili Word] upamba

[Swahili Plural] pamba

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 11/10

------------------------------------------------------------

[English Word] knife with a curved blade

[Swahili Word] shembea

[Swahili Plural] shembea

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 9/10

------------------------------------------------------------

[English Word] large knife

[Swahili Word] geli

[Part of Speech] noun

------------------------------------------------------------

[English Word] large knife

[English Plural] large knives

[Swahili Word] jisu

[Swahili Plural] majisu

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 5/6

------------------------------------------------------------

[English Word] large knife for clearing forest

[Swahili Word] parange

[Swahili Plural] maparange

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 5/6

------------------------------------------------------------

[English Word] large knife with a blunt edge

[Swahili Word] sansuri

[Swahili Plural] sansuri

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 9/10

------------------------------------------------------------

[English Word] long knife

[Swahili Word] panga

[Swahili Plural] mapanga

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 5/6

------------------------------------------------------------

[English Word] pocket knife

[English Plural] pocket knives

[Swahili Word] kijembe

[Swahili Plural] vijembe

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 7/8

[Derived Language] Swahili

[Derived Word] jembe

------------------------------------------------------------

[English Word] pruning knife

[English Plural] pruning knives

[Swahili Word] kisu cha kupogolea

[Swahili Plural] visu vya kupogolea

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 7/8

[Swahili Definition] kitu kinachotumika kusongea au kubania

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[English Word] shoemaker's knife

[Swahili Word] ramba

[Swahili Plural] ramba

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 9/10

[Derived Language] Hindi

------------------------------------------------------------

[English Word] short curved knife (used for slashing the bark of a palm tree in order to collect the sap for making palm wine)

[Swahili Word] kotama

[Swahili Plural] kotama

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 9/10

------------------------------------------------------------

[English Word] short knife used for making incisions in the bark of palm trees in order to drain off the sap for making wine

[Swahili Word] ugemo

[Part of Speech] noun

------------------------------------------------------------

English-Swahili dictionary > knife
8 shoe

1. ʃu: noun
1) (an outer covering for the foot: a new pair of shoes.) sko

2) ((also horseshoe) a curved piece of iron nailed to the hoof of a horse.) hestesko
2. ʃod verb
(to put a shoe or shoes on (a horse etc).) sko, beslå

- shod
- shoelace
- shoemaker
- on a shoestring

beslå
--------
sko

I
subst. \/ʃuː\/

1) sko

• I always wear soft shoes

jeg bruker alltid myke sko

2) hestesko

• the horse cast a shoe

hesten mistet en sko

3) (amer.) lav støvel, skolett

4) jernbeslag, doppsko

5) ( på bygning) utkast (på nedfallsrør), sko (støtte for konstruksjonsdel)

6) ( teknikk) bremsesko

7) ( brobygging) kabelsal, lagerplate

8) ( elektronikk) strømavtakersko, slepestykke

9) ( sjøfart) stråkjøl

die in one's shoes ( hverdagslig) dø med støvlene på, bli hengt

fill somebody's shoes fylle plassen til noen

if the shoe fits, wear it (amer.) kanskje du føler deg truffet?

be in somebody's shoes være i noens sko, være i noens sted

• I wouldn't be in your shoes for a million pounds

jeg ville ikke være i dine sko for en million pund

know where the shoe pinches ( hverdagslig) vite hvor skoen trykker

put oneself in somebody's shoes sette seg inn i en annens situasjon

• put yourself in my shoes!

sett deg inn i min situasjon!

shake\/quake in one's shoes\/boots skjelve i buksene

the shoe is on the other foot ( hverdagslig) pipen har fått en annen lyd, nå blir det andre boller

step into somebody's shoes ta over for noen, fylle plassen til noen

throw a shoe ( om hest) miste en (heste)sko

be too big for one's shoes ( hverdagslig) være innbilsk, tro at man er noe

wait for dead men's shoes eller wait to step into dead men's shoes vente på at noen skal dø (så en selv kan bli forfremmet)

wipe one's shoes tørke av seg på føttene, tørke av skoene
II
verb ( shod - shod) \/ʃuː\/

sko, sette sko på

• this summer I learnt how to shoe a horse

denne sommeren lærte jeg hvordan man skor en hest

• the horses were shod by the farrier

hestene ble skodd av hovslageren

English-Norwegian dictionary > shoe
9 shoe

1. ʃu: noun
1) (an outer covering for the foot: a new pair of shoes.) zapato

2) ((also horseshoe) a curved piece of iron nailed to the hoof of a horse.) herradura

2. ʃod verb
(to put a shoe or shoes on (a horse etc).) herrar

- shod
- shoelace
- shoemaker
- on a shoestring

shoe n zapato

a pair of men's shoes unos zapatos de caballero

shoe

tr[ʃʊː]

noun

1 zapato

■ what size shoe do you take? ¿qué número calzas?

■ I need a new pair of shoes necesito unos zapatos nuevos

2 (for horse) herradura

3 (of brake) zapata

transitive verb (pt & pp shod tr[ʃɒd])

1 (horse) herrar

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

to put oneself in somebody else's shoes ponerse en el lugar de alguien

shoe leather cuero para zapatos

shoe polish betún nombre masculino

shoe shop zapatería

shoe ['ʃu:] vt, shod ['ʃɑd] ; shoeing : herrar (un caballo)

shoe n

1) : zapato m

the shoe industry: la industria del calzado

2) horseshoe: herradura f

3)

brake shoe : zapata f

shoe

n.

• herradura s.f.

• zapata s.f.

• zapato s.m.

v.

(§ p.,p.p.: shod) = calzar v.

• herrar v.

• herrar un caballo v.

I ʃuː
noun

a) ( Clothing) zapato m

put your shoes on — ponte los zapatos, cálzate

they sell shoes — venden zapatos or (frml) calzado

to be in somebody's shoes: I wouldn't like to be in her shoes no me gustaría estar en su lugar or (fam) en su pellejo; to fit like an old shoe (AmE) sentar* como un guante; to step into somebody's shoes pasar a ocupar el puesto de alguien; (before n) shoe polish betún m, pomada f (RPl) or (Chi) pasta f de zapatos; shoe repairer — zapatero, -ra m,f

b) ( for horse) herradura f

c) ( brake shoe) zapata f

II

transitive verb (pres shoes; pres p shoeing; past & past p shod) \<\<horse\>\> herrar*

[ʃuː] (vb: pt, pp shod)
1. N

1) (=footwear) zapato m ; (for horse) herradura f

to put on one's shoes — ponerse los zapatos, calzarse frm

to take off one's shoes — quitarse los zapatos, descalzarse frm

- I wouldn't like to be in his shoes

- if I were in your shoes

- step into sb's shoes

- be waiting for dead men's shoes

2) (Aut) (also: brake shoe) zapata f

2.

VT [+ horse] herrar

3.

CPD

shoe box N — caja f de zapatos

shoe brush N — cepillo m para zapatos

shoe cream N — crema f de zapatos, crema f para el calzado

shoe leather N — cuero m para zapatos

- wear out one's shoe leather

I wore out a lot of shoe leather, it cost me a lot in shoe leather — tuve que andar lo mío, tuve que recorrer mucho camino

shoe polish N — betún m, lustre m (LAm)

shoe repairer N — zapatero(-a) m / f remendón(-ona)

shoe repairs NPL — reparación fsing de zapatos, reparación fsing de calzado

shoe shop (esp Brit) N, shoe store (US) N — zapatería f

* * *

I [ʃuː]
noun

a) ( Clothing) zapato m

put your shoes on — ponte los zapatos, cálzate

they sell shoes — venden zapatos or (frml) calzado

to be in somebody's shoes: I wouldn't like to be in her shoes no me gustaría estar en su lugar or (fam) en su pellejo; to fit like an old shoe (AmE) sentar* como un guante; to step into somebody's shoes pasar a ocupar el puesto de alguien; (before n) shoe polish betún m, pomada f (RPl) or (Chi) pasta f de zapatos; shoe repairer — zapatero, -ra m,f

b) ( for horse) herradura f

c) ( brake shoe) zapata f

II

transitive verb (pres shoes; pres p shoeing; past & past p shod) \<\<horse\>\> herrar*

English-spanish dictionary > shoe
10 Johansson, Carl Edvard

SUBJECT AREA: Automotive engineering, Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering

[br]

b. 15 March 1864 Orebro, Sweden

d. 30 September 1943 Eskilstuna, Sweden

[br]

Swedish metrologist and inventor of measuring-gauge blocks.

[br]

Carl Edvard Johansson was first apprenticed to a shoemaker, but he soon abandoned that career. In 1882 he went to America to join his brother Arvid working at a sawmill in the summer; in winter the brothers obtained further general education at the Gustavus Adolphus College at St Peter, Minnesota. They returned to Sweden in November 1884 and in the following year Carl obtained employment with a small engineering firm which rented a workshop in the government small-arms factory at Eskilstuna. In his spare time he attended the Eskilstuna Technical College and in 1888 he was accepted as an apprentice armourer inspector. After completion of his apprenticeship he was appointed an armourer inspector, and it was in his work of inspection that he realized that the large number of gauges then required could be reduced if several accurate gauges could be used in combination. This was in 1896, and the first set of gauges was made for use in the rifle factory. With these, any dimension between 1 mm and 201 mm could be made up to the nearest 0.01 mm, the gauges having flat polished surfaces that would adhere together by "wringing". Johansson obtained patents for the system from 1901, but it was not until c.1907 that the sets of gauges were marketed generally. Gauges were made in inch units for Britain and America—slightly different as the standards were not then identical. Johansson formed his own company to manufacture the gauges in 1910, but he did not give up his post in the rifle factory until 1914. By the 1920s Johansson gauges were established as the engineering dimensional standards for the whole world; the company also made other precision measuring instruments such as micrometers and extensometers. A new company, C.E.Johansson Inc., was set up in America for manufacture and sales, and the gauges were extensively used in the American automobile industry. Henry Ford took a special interest and Johansson spent several years in a post with the Ford Motor Company in Detroit, Michigan, until he returned to Sweden in 1936.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

Honorary Doctorates, Gustavus Adolphus College, St Peter and Wayne University, Detroit. Swedish Engineering Society John Ericsson Gold Medal. American Society of Mechanical Engineers Gold Medal.

Further Reading

K.J.Hume, 1980, A History of Engineering Metrology, London, pp. 54–66 (a short biography).

RTS

Biographical history of technology > Johansson, Carl Edvard
11 trade

1. [treıd] n
1. 1) занятие, ремесло, профессия

the tools of one's trade - орудия ремесла, рабочий инструмент

the trade of weaver [of tailor, of shoemaker] - ремесло /профессия/ ткача [портного, сапожника]

the trade of war - военная профессия

a saddler [a potter, a blacksmith, a grocer, a mason] by trade - шорник [гончар, кузнец, бакалейщик, каменщик] по профессии

to put smb. to a trade - учить кого-л. ремеслу

to know one's trade - знать своё дело

to learn one's trade - овладеть своим ремеслом

what's your trade? - чем вы занимаетесь?

2) редк. рабочий; ремесленник

mechanical trades - слесари

2. отрасль торговли; отрасль производства; отрасль промышленности; промышленность

the building [the furniture] trade - строительная [мебельная] промышленность

the publishing [printing] trade - издательское [типографское] дело

3. 1) торговля

coastal trade - каботажная торговля

domestic /home, inland/ trade - внутренняя торговля

foreign /overseas/ trade - внешняя торговля

fair trade - а) торговля на основе взаимной выгоды; б) сл. контрабанда

illicit trade - незаконная торговля; торговля наркотиками

wholesale [retail] trade - оптовая [розничная] торговля

tea [ivory] trade - торговля чаем [слоновой костью] [ср. тж. 4, 2)]

trade in arms [in cotton] - торговля оружием [хлопком]

liberty /freedom/ [prohibition, stoppage] of trade - свобода [запрет, прекращение] торговли

to be in trade - заниматься торговлей [см. тж. 5, 1)]

to go into trade - заняться торговлей

to do a lot of trade - много торговать

to carry on /to engage in/ the trade of smth. - вести торговлю чем-л.

to drive a good trade - вести оживлённую торговлю

to revive [to restrict] trade - возобновлять [ограничивать] торговлю

to put a stop to trade between two countries - прекратить торговлю между двумя странами

trade is at a standstill - торговля находится в состоянии застоя, торговля сошла на нет

he's doing a roaring trade - он ведёт баснословно выгодную торговлю, торговля стала для него золотым дном

2) рынок

souvenirs for the tourist trade - сувениры для продажи туристам

3) деловая активность

trade recession - спад деловой активности

I got caught in what is politely called a trade recession - ≅ грубо /попросту/ говоря, я остался без работы

4. (обыкн. the trade) собир.

1) торговое сословие; купцы, купечество

trade and gentility - торговое и дворянское сословия

to marry into trade - выйти замуж за торговца

2) торговцы или предприниматели (в какой-л. отрасли); представители определённой профессии

the woollen [the ivory, the tea] trade - торговцы шерстью [слоновой костью, чаем] [ср. тж. 3, 1)]

a member of the writing trade - член писательской братии, писатель

the book trade opposes national censorship - книготорговцы выступают против государственной цензуры

3) разг. лица, имеющие право продажи спиртных напитков; пивовары, винокуры

4) издатели и книготорговцы

5) мор. разг. подводный флот

5. 1) розничная торговля; магазин, лавка

to be in trade - быть торговцем, иметь магазин /лавку/ [см. тж. 3, 1)]

2) розничные торговцы

6. клиентура, покупатели

to wait on trade - обслуживать покупателей

to have a lot of trade - иметь большую /богатую/ клиентуру

I think our products will appeal to your trade - я думаю, что наши товары понравятся вашим покупателям

7. 1) сделка; обмен

an even trade - равноценный обмен /-ая сделка/

in trade for smth. - в обмен на что-л.

to make a good trade - заключить выгодную сделку

to take smth. in trade - приобрести что-л. в порядке обмена

2) полит. соглашение; сделка

8. обыкн. pl = trade wind

9. диал. или уст.

1) образ жизни

2) линия поведения

3) способ; обычай, привычка

10. диал. или уст. путешествия туда и обратно; отъезд и приезд; уход и приход

11. уст. или диал. суматоха; тревоги, треволнения

12. диал.

1) хлам; мусор; отбросы

2) низы общества, дрянь, шваль

♢ everyone to his trade - посл. каждому своё

two of a trade never /seldom/ agree - посл. два специалиста редко соглашаются друг с другом
2. [treıd] a
1. торговый

trade agreement /pact/ - торговое соглашение

trade balance [barrier] - торговый баланс [барьер]

trade mark-up - торговая надбавка

trade wars - торговые войны

2. промышленный; экономический

trade association - промышленное объединение [см. тж. 3]

trade fair - промышленная ярмарка

trade journal /magazine/ - экономический журнал, журнал новостей промышленности и торговли [см. тж. 3]

3. профессиональный

trade journal - профессиональный /специальный/ журнал [см. тж. 2]

trade paper - профессиональная газета

trade association - профессиональное объединение [см. тж. 2]

trade jargon - профессиональный жаргон
3. [treıd] v
1. торговать

to trade heavily - вести широкую /оживлённую/ торговлю

to trade in silk [in wool, in cotton, in salt] - торговать шёлком [шерстью, хлопком, солью]

to trade with Egypt [with a foreign firm] - торговать с Египтом [с иностранной фирмой]

2. 1) менять, обменивать

to trade knives and beads for skins - обменивать ножи и бусы на шкуры

to trade a city lot for a farm - обменять городской участок на ферму

2) обмениваться

we traded seats with them - мы обменялись с ними местами

they traded anecdotes - они обменялись (свежими) анекдотами

3. разг. быть постоянным покупателем ( определённого магазина); отовариваться

to trade with the local grocer /at the local grocery/ - быть постоянным клиентом местного бакалейщика

4. продавать (свои политические убеждения и т. п.)

to trade in /on/ one's political influence - торговать своим политическим влиянием

5. (on, upon) извлекать выгоду, использовать в личных целях

to trade on the credulity of a client - использовать доверчивость /обмануть/ покупателя

to trade on one's father's fair name - спекулировать добрым именем своего отца

НБАРС > trade
12 trade

I [treid] n
1) заняття, ремесло, професія

the tools of ones trade — знаряддя ремесла, робочий інструмент

the trade of weaver [or tailor, of shoemaker] — ремесло /професія/ ткача [кравця, сапожника]

the trade of war — військова професія

a saddler [a potter, a blacksmith, a grocer, a mason]by trade — шорник [гончар, коваль, бакалійник, каменяр]по професії

to put smb to a trade — вивчати когось ремеслу

to know ones trade — знати свою справу

to learn ones trade — опанувати своїм ремеслом

whats your trade — є чим ви займаєтесяє; робочий; ремісник

mechanical trades — слюсарі

2) галузь торгівлі; галузь виробництва; галузь промисловості; промисловість

the building [the furniture] trade — будівельна [меблева]промисловість

the publishing [printing] trade — видавнича [друкарське]справа

3) торгівля

coastal trade — каботажна торгівля

domestic /home, inland/ trade — внутрішня торгівля foreign /overseas/ зовнішня торгівля

fair trade — торгівля на основі взаємної вигоди; контрабанда

illicit trade — незаконна торгівля; торгівля наркотиками

wholesale [retail] trade — оптова [роздрібна]торгівля

tea [ivory] trade — торгівля [слонячою кісткою][див.тж. 4]

trade in arms [in cotton] — торгівля зброєю [бавовною]

liberty /freedom/ [prohibition, stoppage] of trade — вільна [заборона, припинення]торгівлі

to be in trade — займатися торгівлею [див.тж 5]

to go into trade — зайнятися торгівлею

to do a lot of trade — багато торгувати

to carry on /to engage in/ the trade of smth — вести торгівлю чемось.

to drive a good trade — вести жваву торгівлю

to revive [to restrict] trade — відновлювати [обмежувати]торгівлю

to put a stop to trade between two countries — припинити торгівлю між двома країнами

trade is at a standstill — торгівля знаходиться в стані застою, торгівля зійшла нанівець

hes doing a roaring trade — він веде нечувано вигідну торгівлю, торгівля стала для нього золотим дном; ринок

souvenirs for the tourist trade — сувеніри для продажу туристам; ділова активність

trade recession — спад ділової активності

4) збір. ( the trade) торговий стан; купці, купецтво

trade and gentility — торговий, дворянський стани

to marry into trade — вийти заміж за торговця; торговці або підприємці ( у будь-якій галузі); представники певної професії

the woollen [the ivory, the tea] trade — торговці шерстю [слонячою кісткою][див.; тж. 3]

a member of the writing trade — член письменницької спілки, письменник

the book trade opposes national censorship — книгопродавці виступають проти державної цензури; особи, що мають право продажу спиртних напоїв; пивовари, винокури; видавці, книгопродавці; мop. підводний флот

5) роздрібна торгівля; магазин, лавка

to be in trade — бути торговцем, мати магазин /лавку/; [див.; тж. 3]; роздрібні торговці

6) клієнтура, покупці

to wait on trade — обслуговувати покупців

to have a lot of trade — мати велику /багату/ клієнтуру

I think our products will appeal to your trade — я думаю, що наші товари сподобаються вашим покупцям

7) операція; обмін

an even trade — рівноцінний обмін

in trade for smth — у обмін на щось

to make a good trade — укласти вигідну операцію

to take smth in trade — придбати щось в черзі обміну; угода; операція

8) = trade wind

9) дiaл. або icт. спосіб життя; лінія поведінки; спосіб; звичай, звичка

10) дiaл. або icт. подорожі туди, назад; від'їзд, приїзд; відхід, прихід

11) дiaл. або icт. сум'яття; тривоги, хвилювання

12) дiaл. непотріб; сміття; покидьки; низи суспільства, погань, шушваль

••

everyone to his trade — прис. кожному своє

two of trade a never /seldom/ agree — прис. два фахівці рідко погоджуються один з одним
II [treid] a
1) торговый

trade agreement /pact/ — торгова угода

trade balance [barrier] — торговий баланс

trade mark-up — торгова надбавка

trade wars — торгові війни

2) промисловий, економічний

trade association — промислове об'єднання [див.; тж. 3]

trade fair — промисловий ярмарок

trade journal /magazine/ trjyjvsxybq — журнал, журнал новин промисловості, торгівлі [див.; тж. 3]3, професійний

trade journal — професійний /спеціальний/ журнал [див.; тж. 2]

trade paper — професійна газета

trade association — професійне об'єднання [див.; тж. 2]

trade jargon — професійний жаргон
III [treid] v
1) торгувати

to trade heavily — вести широку /жваву/ торгівлю

to trade in silk [in wool, in cotton, in salt] — торгувати шовком [шерстю, бавовною, сіллю]

to trade with Egypt [with a foreign firm] — торгувати з Єгиптом [з іноземною фірмою]

2) міняти, обмінювати

to trade knives and beads for skins — обмінювати ножі, намиста на шкури

to trade a city lot for a farm — обміняти міську ділянку на ферму; обмінюватися

we traded seats with them — ми обмінялися з ними місцями

they traded anecdotes — вони обмінялися ( свіжими) анекдотами

3) бути постійним покупцем (певного магазин; отоварюватися)

to trade with the local grocer /at the local grocery/ — бути постійним клієнтом місцевого бакалійника

4) продавати ( свої політичні переконання)

to trade in /on/ ones political influence — торгувати своїм політичним впливом

5) (on, upon) отримувати вигоду, використовувати в особистих цілях

to trade on the credulity of a client — використовувати довірливість /обдурити/ покупця

to trade on ones father's fair name — спекулювати добрим ім'ям свого отця

English-Ukrainian dictionary > trade
13 shoe

1. noun
1) Schuh, der

I shouldn't like to be in his shoes — (fig.) ich möchte nicht in seiner Haut stecken (ugs.)

put oneself into somebody's shoes — (fig.) sich in jemandes Lage (Akk.) versetzen

somebody shakes in his shoes — jemandem schlottern die Knie

2) (of horse) [Huf]eisen, das
2. transitive verb,
shoeing, shod beschlagen [Pferd]

* * *
1. [ʃu:] noun
1) (an outer covering for the foot: a new pair of shoes.) der Schuh

2) ((also horseshoe) a curved piece of iron nailed to the hoof of a horse.) das Hufeisen
2. [ʃod] verb
(to put a shoe or shoes on (a horse etc).) beschlagen

- academic.ru/66752/shod">shod
- shoelace
- shoemaker
- on a shoestring
* * *

shoe

[ʃu:]

I. n

1. (for foot) Schuh m

a pair of \shoes ein Paar nt Schuhe

flat \shoes flache Schuhe

high-heeled \shoes Schuhe pl mit hohen Absätzen

training \shoes Turnschuhe pl

to do [or lace] up [or AM also tie] one's \shoes die Schuhe zubinden

to put on/take off one's \shoes seine Schuhe anziehen/ausziehen

to repair \shoes Schuhe reparieren

2. (horseshoe) Hufeisen nt

3. TRANSP

[brake] \shoe [Brems]backe f

4.

▶ it's dead men's \shoes jd muss auf den Tod eines Menschen warten, um an eine Position oder an Besitztümer zu kommen

▶ to fill [or step into] sb's \shoes in jds Fußstapfen treten

▶ if I were in your \shoes ( fam) wenn ich du wäre, an deiner Stelle

if I were in your \shoes, I'd write to her an deiner Stelle würde ich ihr schreiben

▶ I wouldn't like to be in your/her \shoes ich möchte nicht in deiner/ihrer Haut stecken

▶ to put oneself in sb's \shoes sich akk in jds Lage versetzen

▶ to shake [or quake] in one's \shoes vor Angst schlottern

II. vt

<shod or AM also shoed, shod or AM also shoed>

to \shoe a horse ein Pferd beschlagen

* * *
[ʃuː] vb: pret, ptp shod
1. n

1) Schuh m

I wouldn't like to be in his shoes — ich möchte nicht in seiner Haut stecken

to put oneself in sb's shoes — sich in jds Lage (acc) versetzen

to step into or fill sb's shoes — an jds Stelle (acc)

where the shoe pinches (fig) — wo mich/uns der Schuh drückt

if the shoe fits(, wear it) ( US prov ) — wem die Jacke passt(, der soll sie sich (dat ) anziehen)

2) (= horseshoe) (Huf)eisen nt

3) (= brake shoe) Bremsschuh m

4) (for electric power cable) (Gleit)schuh m; (for mast) Schuh m; (on sledge) Beschlag m

2. vt
horse beschlagen
to be well-shod (of person) — gut beschuht sein (hum, geh)

* * *

shoe [ʃuː]

A v/t prät und pperf shod [ʃɒd; US ʃɑd]

a) beschuhen

b) Pferde, auch einen Stock etc beschlagen, Schlittenkufen etc beschienen

B s

1. Schuh m

2. a) besonders Br Halbschuh m

b) US Stiefel m

3. Hufeisen n

4. TECH Schuh m (Schutzbeschlag)

5. TECH

a) Bremsschuh m, -klotz m

b) Bremsbacke f

6. TECH (Reifen)Decke f

7. ELEK Schleifstück n (des Stromabnehmers)

8. TECH

a) Anschlag(stück) m(n)

b) Verschleißstück nBesondere Redewendungen: dead men’s shoes pl obs ungeduldig erwartetes Erbe;

be in sb’s shoes fig in jemandes Haut stecken;

know where the shoe pinches wissen, wo der Schuh drückt;

put o.s. into sb’s shoes sich in jemandes Lage versetzen;

shake in one’s shoes vor Angst schlottern;

step into ( oder fill) sb’s shoes jemandes Stelle einnehmen;

his shoes will be hard to fill es wird schwer sein, einen geeigneten Nachfolger für ihn zu finden;

that’s another pair of shoes das sind zwei Paar Stiefel; → die¹ A 1, fit¹ D 1, lick A 1

* * *
1. noun
1) Schuh, der

I shouldn't like to be in his shoes — (fig.) ich möchte nicht in seiner Haut stecken (ugs.)

put oneself into somebody's shoes — (fig.) sich in jemandes Lage (Akk.) versetzen

somebody shakes in his shoes — jemandem schlottern die Knie

2) (of horse) [Huf]eisen, das
2. transitive verb,
shoeing, shod beschlagen [Pferd]

* * *

n.

Schuh -e m.

English-german dictionary > shoe
14 shoe

1. [ʃu:] noun
1) (an outer covering for the foot: a new pair of shoes.) sapato

2) ((also horseshoe) a curved piece of iron nailed to the hoof of a horse.) ferradura
2. [ʃod] verb
(to put a shoe or shoes on (a horse etc).) pôr ferraduras

- shod
- shoelace
- shoemaker
- on a shoestring
* * *

[ʃu:] n 1 sapato. 2 objeto em forma de sapato. 3 ferradura. 4 sapata, freio, travão. 5 capa exterior de pneumático. 6 Electr coletor, contato. • vt (ps, pp shod) 1 ferrar. 2 calçar. she was shod in sneakers / ela estava calçando tênis. to be in someone’s shoes coll estar na pele de alguém, estar no lugar de alguém. I should not like to be in your shoes / não queria estar em seu lugar. to know where the shoe pinches saber onde está o problema. he knows where the shoe pinches / ele sabe onde o sapato aperta, fig sabe onde está o mal. to step into someone’s shoes ficar no lugar de alguém, substituir. he stepped into my shoes / ele me substituiu, ele pisou no meu rasto, seguiu meu exemplo. to wait for dead man’s shoes esperar uma herança. they wait for a dead man’s shoes / eles esperam uma herança.

English-Portuguese dictionary > shoe
15 shoe

I 1. [ʃuː]
nome

1) (footwear) scarpa f.

a pair of shoes — un paio di scarpe

2) (for horse) ferro m.

3) aut. (anche brake shoe) ganascia f. del freno
2.
modificatore [box, polish] da scarpe; [ shop] di calzature, di scarpe

what's your shoe size? — che numero porti di scarpe?

••

it's a question of dead men's shoes — = bisogna aspettare che qualcuno muoia per poter prendere il suo posto

in sb.'s shoes — nei panni o al posto di qcn.

to shake o shiver in one's shoes tremare di paura; to step into sb.'s shoes prendere il posto di qcn.; I saved shoe leather and took a bus — per non farmela a piedi ho preso l'autobus
II [ʃuː]
verbo transitivo ( forma in -ing shoeing; pass., p.pass. shod) ferrare [ horse]

* * *
1. [ʃu:] noun
1) (an outer covering for the foot: a new pair of shoes.) scarpa

2) ((also horseshoe) a curved piece of iron nailed to the hoof of a horse.) ferro di cavallo
2. [ʃod] verb
(to put a shoe or shoes on (a horse etc).) calzare; ferrare

- shod
- shoelace
- shoemaker
- on a shoestring
* * *
I 1. [ʃuː]
nome

1) (footwear) scarpa f.

a pair of shoes — un paio di scarpe

2) (for horse) ferro m.

3) aut. (anche brake shoe) ganascia f. del freno
2.
modificatore [box, polish] da scarpe; [ shop] di calzature, di scarpe

what's your shoe size? — che numero porti di scarpe?

••

it's a question of dead men's shoes — = bisogna aspettare che qualcuno muoia per poter prendere il suo posto

in sb.'s shoes — nei panni o al posto di qcn.

to shake o shiver in one's shoes tremare di paura; to step into sb.'s shoes prendere il posto di qcn.; I saved shoe leather and took a bus — per non farmela a piedi ho preso l'autobus
II [ʃuː]
verbo transitivo ( forma in -ing shoeing; pass., p.pass. shod) ferrare [ horse]

English-Italian dictionary > shoe
16 shoe

[ʃuː] 1. n
( for person) but m; ( for horse) podkowa f; (also: brake shoe) klocek m hamulcowy, szczęka f hamulcowa
2. vt; pt, pp shod
horse podkuwać (podkuć perf)

* * *
1. [ʃu:] noun
1) (an outer covering for the foot: a new pair of shoes.) but

2) ((also horseshoe) a curved piece of iron nailed to the hoof of a horse.) podkowa
2. [ʃod] verb
(to put a shoe or shoes on (a horse etc).) obuwać, podkuwać

- shod
- shoelace
- shoemaker
- on a shoestring

English-Polish dictionary > shoe
17 trade

I [treɪd] n
1) торговля

See:

types of trade

Trade is expanding from year to year. — Торговля расширяется из года в год.

How is your trade to day? — Как идет торговля?

- slack trade
- Christmas trade
- arms trade
- tea trade
- domestic trade

- a trade name

- a trade mark

- a trade agreement

- trade in cotton
- icecream trade in the summer
- trade with many countries
- zone of free trade
- development of the world trade
- stock-in-trade
- balance of trade
- Board of trade
- do a large trade
- carry a dangerous trade
- build up a big trade
- carry a bootleg trade in food
- carry three quaters of the world trade in timber
- ban the trade
- stop trade
- affect trade
- benefit the trade
- do much of trade
- carry on a lively trade
- develop import trade
- build up a large trade
- dominate the world milk trade
- increase trade in grain
- open trade with these countries
- trade is slack
- trade is at a standstill
2) отрасль промышленности, отрасль торговли

- furniture trade
- publishing trade
- tourist trade
3) ремесло, занятие, профессия

What is your trade? — Чем вы занимаетесь? /Какая у вас профессия?

Every man to his trade. — ◊ Беда, коль пироги печи начнет сапожник, а сапоги тачать пирожник. /Не за свое дело не берись.

Jack of all trades and master of none. — ◊ За все берется и ничего не умеет. /За все берется, да не все удается.

- dangerous trade
- dishonest trade
- skilled trades
- construction trades
- trade of a shoemaker
- carpenter by trade
- follow the trade of one's father
- choose a trade
- learn a trade
- put smb to a trade
- be in trade
- be in the trade
•

USAGE:

See work, n
II [treɪd] v
1) торговать, вести торговлю

These companies trade mainly in furs. — Эти компании в основном торгуют мехами.

Salesmen traded the new product all over the country. — Продавцы торговали новым изделием по всей стране.

- trade heavily

- trade in cotton

- trade with many countries

- trade at the world market
- trade in shops
- trade for profit
- cease trading
2) обменивать

- trade smth for smth
- trade salt for furs
3) спекулировать (чем-либо, где-либо)

- trade on smth
- trade on one's father's name reputation

English-Russian combinatory dictionary > trade
18 Last

subs.

Shoemaker's last: P. καλάπους, ὁ.

——————

adj.

Of time or position: P. and V. τελευταῖος, ἔσχατος, ὕστατος, V. λοίσθιος, λοῖσθος.

The very last: Ar. and V. πανύστατος.

Of degree: P. and V. ἔσχατος, τελευταῖος.

At last: P. and V. τέλος, V. εἰς τέλος, Ar. and P. τὸ τελευταῖον, or use P. and V. τελευτῶν, agreeing with subject.

A blow would have been dealt at last: V. κἂν ἐγίγνετο πληγὴ τελευτῶσα (Soph., Ant. 260).

After a time: P. and V. διὰ χρόνου, χρόνῳ, V. χρόνῳ ποτέ, σὺν χρόνῳ, ἐν χρόνῳ.

Breathe one's last: P. ἀποψύχειν (Thuc.). V. ἐκπνεῖν, ἐκπνεῖν βίον, ἐκπνεῖν ψυχήν, ἀποψυχεῖν βίον; see also Die.

For the last time: P. and V. ὕστατον, ἔσχατον, Ar. and V. πανύστατον, V. πανύστατα.

To the last: P. εἰς τοὔσχατον (Thuc. 3, 46).

Last night: V. ἡδὲ νύξ, ἡ νῦν νύξ, P. ἡ παρελθοῦσα νύξ.

Last year: Ar. and P. πέρυσι(ν).

Last year's: Ar. and P. περυσινός.

The year before last: P. προπέρυσι.

Last winter: P. τοῦ προτέρου χειμῶνος.

For about the last four hundred years the Lacedaemonians have enjoyed the same constitution: P. ἔτη ἐστι μάλιστα τετρακόσια... ἀφʼ οὗ οἱ Λακεδαιμόνοι τῇ αὑτῇ πολιτείᾳ χρῶνται (Thuc. 1, 18).

In the last few days: P. ἐν ταῖσδε ταῖς ὀλίγαις ἡμέραις (Plat., Crito, 49^A).

For the last ten years I have wasted in misery: V. ἀπόλλυμαι τάλας ἔτος τόδʼ ἤδη δέκατον (Soph., Phil. 311).

Last offices to the dead: P. τὰ νομιζόμενα, V. κτερίσματα, τὰ, τὰ πρόσφορα.

Pay last offices to, v.: V. ἀγαπᾶν (acc.) (Eur. Supp. 764; Hel. 937), ἀγαπάζειν (Eur., Phoen. 1327), P. νομιζόμενα ποιεῖν (dat.).

——————

v. intrans.

P. and V. μένειν, παραμένειν, ἀντέχειν, P. συμμένειν. V. ζῆν, Ar. and P. διαγίγνεσθαι,

Hold good: P. and V. ἐμμένειν.

Be prolonged: P. and V. χρονίζεσθαι, V. χρονίζειν.

V. trans. Suffice: P. and V. ἀρκεῖν (dat.), ἐξαρκεῖν (dat.); see Suffice.

Woodhouse English-Greek dictionary. A vocabulary of the Attic language > Last
19 shoe

1. [ʃu:] noun
1) (an outer covering for the foot: a new pair of shoes.) čevelj

2) ((also horseshoe) a curved piece of iron nailed to the hoof of a horse.) podkev
2. [ʃod] verb
(to put a shoe or shoes on (a horse etc).) obuti; podkovati

- shod
- shoelace
- shoemaker
- on a shoestring
* * *
I [šu:]
noun

(nizek) čevelj; American škorenj; cokla; podkev; okov (na koncu palice); železni okov, okovana drsalica pri saneh (sankah); luknja, v katero je posajen jambor

over (up to) the shoes figuratively do prek ušes

shoes and stockings botany vrsta detelje

dead man's shoes figuratively nestrpno pričakovana dediščina

wooden shoes — lesene cokle

that's another pair of shoes figuratively to je nekaj (čisto) drugega

the shoe is on the other foot figuratively stvar je čisto drugačna

to be (to stand) in s.o.'s shoes — biti v koži kake osebe

to cast a shoe — izgubiti podkev, oboseti

to die in one's shoes — umreti nasilne smrti, biti obešen

every shoe fits not every foot — ni vsaka stvar za vse primerna

that is where the shoe pinches figuratively tu žuli čevelj, v tem grmu tiči zajec

to put on (to take off) one's shoes — obuti (sezuti) si čevlje

to put the shoe on the right foot figuratively odkriti (obdolžiti) pravega krivca

he shakes in his shoes — drgeče od strahu, kolena se mu tresejo

to step into another man's shoes — zavzeti (službeno) nekoga drugega

to throw an old shoe after s.o. figuratively (za)želeti komu srečo (zlasti novoporočencema)

to wait for a dead man's shoes — prežati, nestrpno čakati na dediščino

as good a fellow as ever walked in two shoes — najboljši človek na svetu

to walk in s.o.'s shoes — hoditi komu v škodo (v zelnik)
II [šu:]
transitive verb

obuti; podkovati (konja), okovati (palico, sani itd.); nabiti obroč (kolesu)

to shoe the goose figuratively mlatiti prazno slamo, čas zapravljati; slang biti ali postati (rahlo) pijan

to shoe the horse (the mule) slang goljufati svojega delodajalca

English-Slovenian dictionary > shoe
20 Baekeland, Leo Hendrik

SUBJECT AREA: Chemical technology, Photography, film and optics, Synthetic materials

[br]

b. 14 November 1863 Saint-Martens-Latern, Belgium

d. 23 February 1944 Beacon, New York, USA

[br]

Belgian/American inventor of the Velox photographic process and the synthetic plastic Bakélite.

[br]

The son of an illiterate shoemaker, Baekeland was first apprenticed in that trade, but was encouraged by his mother to study, with spectacular results. He won a scholarship to Gand University and graduated in chemistry. Before he was 21 he had achieved his doctorate, and soon afterwards he obtained professorships at Bruges and then at Gand. Baekeland seemed set for a distinguished academic career, but he turned towards the industrial applications of chemistry, especially in photography.

Baekeland travelled to New York to further this interest, but his first inventions met with little success so he decided to concentrate on one that seemed to have distinct commercial possibilities. This was a photographic paper that could be developed in artificial light; he called this "gas light" paper Velox, using the less sensitive silver chloride as a light-sensitive agent. It proved to have good properties and was easy to use, at a time of photography's rising popularity. By 1896 the process began to be profitable, and three years later Baekeland disposed of his plant to Eastman Kodak for a handsome sum, said to be $3–4 million. That enabled him to retire from business and set up a laboratory at Yonkers to pursue his own research, including on synthetic resins. Several chemists had earlier obtained resinous products from the reaction between phenol and formaldehyde but had ignored them. By 1907 Baekeland had achieved sufficient control over the reaction to obtain a good thermosetting resin which he called "Bakélite". It showed good electrical insulation and resistance to chemicals, and was unchanged by heat. It could be moulded while plastic and would then set hard on heating, with its only drawback being its brittleness. Bakelite was an immediate success in the electrical industry and Baekeland set up the General Bakelite Company in 1910 to manufacture and market the product. The firm grew steadily, becoming the Bakélite Corporation in 1924, with Baekeland still as active President.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

President, Electrochemical Society 1909. President, American Chemical Society 1924. Elected to the National Academy of Sciences 1936.

Further Reading

J.Gillis, 1965, Leo Baekeland, Brussels.

A.R.Matthis, 1948, Leo H.Baekeland, Professeur, Docteur ès Sciences, chimiste, inventeur et grand industriel, Brussels.

J.K.Mumford, 1924, The Story of Bakélite.

C.F.Kettering, 1947, memoir on Baekeland, Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences 24 (includes a list of his honours and publications).

LRD

Biographical history of technology > Baekeland, Leo Hendrik

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